I checked my MyHeritageDNA results today when I heard that 23andMe was going bankrupt. (Uploaded my 23andMe raw file to MyHeritage as soon as I first got my 23andMe results, crazy to think that was over 7 years ago now...)
https://blog.myheritage.com/2025/02/intr...ity-model/
The MyHeritageDNA v2.5 updated "Chinese category" (no longer "Chinese and Vietnamese") has 31 genetic clusters.
Quote:31 Genetic Groups in this ethnicity:
- Central Japan, USA (Hawaii) and Brazil
- China (Guangdong), Hong Kong, Taiwan and Southeastern Asia
- China (Shanghai) and Hong Kong
- China (Shanghai), Hong Kong and Macau
- China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Laos and Malaysia
- China, Taiwan and Vietnam
- China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia
- China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan and Netherlands
- China, Vietnam and Japan
- China, Vietnam, Hong Kong and Hong Kong
- Chinese in Eastern Asia
- Chinese in Eastern and in Southeastern Asia
- Chinese in Indonesia
- Chinese in Japan and in Southeastern Asia
- Chinese in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Myanmar and in Cambodia
- Chinese in Malaysia, Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam and in Taiwan
- Chinese in Northern Europe (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Netherlands) and in USA
- Chinese in Singapore
- Chinese in Singapore, Malaysia and in Vietnam
- Chinese in Southeastern Asia (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam)
- Chinese in Suriname (Paramaribo), Netherlands, Belgium and in France
- Chinese in Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and in Singapore
- Eastern Asia
- England and Australia
- Indonesia, Singapore and Turkey
- Japan and South Korea #1
- Northeastern China and Taiwan
- South Korea and China
- South Korea and Switzerland
- South Korea and Vietnam
- Vietnam, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, Japan and China
This is roughly what I think the different clusters correspond to:
1. Mixed Chinese-Japanese ancestry Asian Americans in Hawaii.
Chinese ancestry here should be from Zhongshan in Guangdong's Pearl River Delta
2. Generalized Guangdong Han; should be some combination of Guangfu Yue, Hakka, and Teochew speakers given the cluster's inclusion of Taiwan (Minnan + Hakka) and SE Asia
3. Shanghainese/Jiangnan Chinese who emigrated to Hong Kong at the end of the Chinese Civil War
4. Shanghainese/Jiangnan Chinese who emigrated to Hong Kong and Macau at the end of the Chinese Civil War
5. Generalized Guangdong (Guangfu Yue + Hakka + Minnan) cluster including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Chinese Laotians
6. Hoa (Chinese Vietnamese), probably mostly Teochew / Minnan given that this cluster includes Taiwan
7. Teochew / Minnan diaspora including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam
8. Probably mostly Hokkien / general Minnan diaspora including Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, and the Netherlands (so Chinese Indonesians)
9. Probably mostly Hokkien /general Minnan cluster that includes Hoa and Chinese Japanese
10. Probably mostly Teochew and Cantonese cluster that includes Hoa and 2 different Hong Kong labels
11. Circle on the map is centered around the South China Sea. May correspond to Mississippi Delta Chinese in the 19th-20th century Southern US?
12. Circle on the map is centered on Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Guangdong, Vietnam, Philippines. Clusters seem to correspond to mixed-race (19th century White American + Chinese) family with known Taiwanese heritage?
13. Cluster includes the Indonesian islands of Java, Borneo, and Sulawesi but not Sumatra
14. Cluster includes early 20th-century Japan and later 20th-century Vietnam/Cambodia
15. Malaysian Chinese with some Myanmar Chinese, Hong Kongers, and Cambodian Chinese. Probably mixed Guangdong + Fujian ancestry
16. Malaysia + Philippines + Cambodia + Vietnam + Taiwan cluster, I'm guessing this is mostly Teochew and/or Hakka
17. Chinese immigrants to certain Northern European countries. There are specific clusters in Chengdu, Wuhan, and Tokyo [Japan]
18. Chinese Singaporeans, possibly with some mixed-race ancestors in Sweden?
19. Hoa-related group with clusters in Taiwan, Malaysia/Singapore, and Southern California [USA]
20. Strong circles in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand- but also includes Vietnam and the Philippines. Probably Cantonese and Minnan cluster
21. Suriname Chinese were mostly of Guangdong Hakka ancestry. Cluster also includes Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
22. Cluster corresponds to Pearl River Delta (Cantonese/Hakka), Chaoshan region (Teochew), and Taiwan. The pre-20th century locations in North America and Europe imply some Caucasian + Chinese intermarriage somewhere on the family tree; North America locations include the Salish Sea, Great Plains, Great Lakes, and NYC
23. China cluster includes Shanghai but the other clusters in North America, Norway, and Central Europe suggest some interracial marriage at some point
24. Asia locations include Hong Kong, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore. Non-Asia locations include England, Vancouver BC [Canada], Midwestern US, Brisbane + Sydney [Australia]
25. Chinese Malaysians, Singaporeans, and Indonesians of Guangdong/Fujian ancestry. Clusters specifically include Medan, Padang, Borneo, and Jakarta in Indonesia.
26. "Japan and South Korea #1" cluster includes Tokyo and the Kansai region, as well as Batangas in the Philippines and southernmost Sweden.
27. China clusters include Changchun, Liaoning province, Jinan and Jining in Shandong, Linfen in Shanxi, Gansu, Nanjing, and Shanghai. Probably a prominent KMT-aligned family (or cluster of families) that emigrated to Taiwan and then various places in the US and the Netherlands.
28. I assume the East Asian side of the family (that doesn't include pre-20th century US) are Chinese immigrants to now-South Korea? Present-day members seem to live in South Korea and in WA state of the US.
29. Chinese and some South Koreans who may be of (partial) Chinese ancestry, plus family members in Switzerland
30. Interracial family with connections to French Canadians in Quebec, South Korea, and then-South Vietnam. Chinese ancestry is probably from Hoa in then-South Vietnam?
31. Guangdong/Fujian ancestry family scattered throughout Thailand, Hue Vietnam, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong