Haplogroup B2 Discussion Thread

[alchemist223]

Do not belong to this haplogroup myself, but I am interested in it as it is one of the major maternal haplogroups the took part in the peopling of the Americas over 15,000 years ago. Also interested regarding its place among maternal Haplogroup B; it specifically belongs to branch Haplogroup B4b and is most closely related to Haplogroup B4b1, which is found in modern-day East Asian populations.

[Jalisciense]

I'm B2 (23andMe) and B2g1 (According to James Lick mtDNA Haplogroup).

In Mexico is the 3° most common (Surpassed in frequency by A2 and C1).

Haplogroup B2 (17.6%) was uniformly distributed in the North, Center, and South of Mexico in this sample (16.8–18.5%) with the slightly higher proportion particularly the Northwest (20.4%). A generally higher prevalence in admixed and Indigenous Northern Mexican/Greater Southwest populations has been reported.

in the Mazahua 1 population they are B2, D1, and A2. The most frequent haplotypes (Ht) of haplogroups A and B are Ht2 (A) and Ht58 (B2g1) in Mazahua 1.

2021 study

A2: 41.8%
C1: 23.7%
B2: 17.6%
West Eurasian: 8%
D1: 5%
African: 2.1%
Asian: 0.8%
D4h3: 0.6%
Unassigned: 0.3%
X2: 0.1%

Sources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467843/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29745249/

[CLTVTE]

In “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene”, the ancient AR33K individual from Northeast China formed a cline with a few individuals, belonging to separate branches of mtDNA A (separating 33700 years ago in “A Revised Timescale for Human Evolution Based on Ancient Mitochondrial Genomes”) or sharing mutations with mtDNA A2, which points to the fact that, despite AR33K belonged to mtDNA B*, AR33K was also likely to be admixed with an ancient mtDNA A-related population, which was also likely akin to some ancestors of mtDNA A2. However, individuals from China, sharing mutations with mtDNA A2 and mtDNA B2 (B4b), found their place on the PCA, which was quite different from both AR33K and more northern Northeast Chinese ancient and modern individuals. It suggests that ancestors of mtDNA A2 and mtDNA B2 started to gather in one region in the Paleolithic, which was geographically more southern (ancestors of mtDNA C1 and mtDNA D1 should be added there as well, since individuals, having important mtDNA C1 and mtDNA D1 mutations also clustered in the same fragment of the PCA as mtDNA A2 and mtDNA B2-related individuals did in “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene”). There is such a Paleolithic site as Fenghuangling in Shandong, where wedge-shaped microblades were produced. Despite some progress recently, related to a somewhat different nearby archaeological location, it is still not possible to date this site. One can see that the Mazahua language remained in the main East Asian cluster and did not make it to the Greenland Inuit cluster in Gerhard Jager’s 2017 work (http://www.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/~gjaeger...esHITS.pdf), despite the fact that a lot of Inuits belong to mtDNA A2. It means that the language of the ancestors of the Inuits was influenced by some other factors, than those factors from the initial linguistic situation, characterizing mtDNA A2-mtDNAB2-mtDNA C1-mtDNA D1 populations in their more southern Paleolithic homeland on the verge of the separation from ancient East Asians more than 20000 years ago. Indeed, in “The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene”, a more northern individual AR33K is closer, than Tianyuan was, to Vestonice16 (western yDNA C1a), Karelia_hunter-gatherer (western yDNA R), Motala12, Sweden (western yDNA I2a), which implies that the linguistic cluster in Jager, 2017, which includes as outgroups languages of populations with a more and more prominent “AR33K-like” component, is opposed to the main East Asian cluster, because consequent outgroups of this “AR33K-related” cluster (for example, Eskimo-Aleut languages) have stronger and stronger connections to languages of bearers of ancestries, which shared more and more in common with the mentioned Paleolithic Europeans (as opposed to admixture from modern Western Eurasian settlers in some Native Americans). Gerhard Jager’s linguistic clusters were only based on word lists from those languages.