Multiple transitions in the evolution of modern humans

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This talk on Multiple transitions in the evolution of modern humans: reframing the African origin model was delivered as part of the HEAS Seminar Series in Human Evolution and the Palaeolithic. -- 15 Oct 2024

HEAS Seminar Series - Marta Mirazon Lahr

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sYhahwfY-k

   

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It is a very good discussion or presentation. I will need additional time to watch it again and to look at more details.
Excelent diagrams, some are already known, some are new for me.

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Who was the last common ancestor of Humans, Denisovan and Neanderthals ?
(see the video 1)

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https://youtu.be/SKN6IjZuqdw?t=1497

Geneticist Laurits Skov  sits down to discuss all things ancient dna and his next project looking for as yet unknown ancient groups that interbred with our paleolithic ancestors.

1h lecture... 
Very good for the beginners and advanced as well..
He presented also a tree, that hasn't been published in such way elsewhere. 

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I 'd like to point your attention at this old publication.

SI Figure 3.2 BEAST2 tree of the mtDNA coding region for Neanderthals, Denisovans and a selection of ancient modern humans A chimpanzee mtDNA genome was used to root the tree, but is not pictured here. The posterior for each branch point is shown. We find that the Chagyrskayas remains are dated to between 46 and 125 thousand years ago (95% HPD) based on their mitochondrial DNA genomes.

Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals
Laurits Skov et al..

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-0...3-y#MOESM1

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SI Figure 4.10. Maximum likelihood tree using BEAST2. Branch lengths are drawn to scale measured in years given a mutation rate of 7.9e-10 mutations per year. For present-day human Y chromosomes we add the haplogroup in brackets. As can be seen from SI Figure 4.10 our topology differs from 10 in that Mezmaiskaya 2 and Spy 94 form a clade (instead of El Sidrón 1253 and Mezmaiskaya 2 forming a clade as in 10 .

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What is the most important from the both diagrams provided by: Laurits Skov et al.. publication ?

The Neanderthals are subbranch of the Human side main branch.
As the Denisovans are the first to separate from the MRCA, there are 2 branches: 1 for the Denisovans and the 2. for Neand + Humans.

The Neanderthals do not separate from the Denisovan Branch !!!

The Neanderthals keep going with the Human Recent Ancestor, so the Neanderthals share more variants with the Humans , than the Denisovans.
And this is true for both sides : X, Y and MitDNA.

Additional information can be found in the Supplementary information for this publication.