Quote:Etymologia: dengue
PMCID: PMC3373045
[den′gē]
An acute, self-limited disease characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, and rash caused by any of 4 related but distinct viruses of the genus Flavivirus and spread by Aedes mosquitos. Dengue (a Spanish homonym for the Swahili ki denga pepo, which describes a sudden, cramplike seizure caused by an evil spirit) is believed to have been first recorded in a Chinese medical encyclopedia from the Chin Dynasty (265–420 AD). The Chinese called dengue “water poison” and knew that it was somehow associated with flying insects.
Sources: Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary. 30th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003; Gubler DJ. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11:480–96; and Halstead SB. Dengue hemorrhagic fever—a public health problem and a field for research. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58:1–21.
Quote:Dengue “early 19th century: from West Indian Spanish, from Kiswahili dinga (in full kidingapopo ), influenced by Spanish dengue ‘fastidiousness’ (with reference to the dislike of movement by affected patients)”
The latter popular available etymology for /dengue/, which should have been created later than the first variant, already swaps the general Swahili for Kiswahili. Kiswahili (a Bantu language, originally spoken by the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique (along the East African coast and adjacent littoral islands)) was classified as one of Africa’s languages with polysynthetic features (“A Morphological Classification of Kiswahili”) in addition to the Afroasiatic Somali language (https://www.researchgate.net/publication...c_Language)
One should caution that both Swahili /ki denga pepo/ (or Kiswahili /kidingapopo/) and Spanish /dengue/ are no similar to the way of the formation of the ethnonym /Deng/ from China in accordance with the data of the IVPP (the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology), because the formation of the ethnonym /Deng/ should have been more complicated due to the involvement of different languages from East Asia.
Consequently, one can say that any Early Upper Paleolithic migration of the ancient East Asia-related population, bypassing the remote ancestors of the Deng in the direction of the northern individual Kostenki14, who was not surrounded by the mosquitos, could not probably cause the distribution of the dengue disease along with such a migration. The ancient Kostenki14 individual had his own interaction with the African-related population in accordance with the data of "40,000-Year-Old Individual from Asia Provides Insight into Early Population Structure in Eurasia".
Consequently, the association that the dengue disease spread along with the polysynthetic languages, which the second popular available etymology for /dengue/ may cause, should not be a correct association.
Regarding the relationship of the population, responsible for the origin of the polysynthetic features of the polysynthetic African languages (a Bantu one and an Afroasiatic one), the IVPP data point to the indigenous African origin. The IVPP data highlighted the very ancient divergent ancestral component, which should have been obviously present in the mtDNA L3-related population of Sudan, and the existence of this component is accompanied by the existence of certain mtDNA L3 mutations, which are quite rare (populations, speaking polysynthetic languages, were also rare). One such mutation appeared in an mtDNA L3 lineage in Spain, though this lineage is not related to the Basques. Another more widely distributed mutation appeared in mtDNA L3 of Sudan, and it also appeared in an mtDNA lineage, whose comparable relative was reported from the ancient DNA of China, and researchers from Japan have recently shown that this mtDNA lineage, when observed in some mainstream non-Ainu individuals of Japan, can be characterized by such relationships that it can be shown to separate from the broadly understood mtDNA L3 of the specific location, such as Sudan, despite the fact that some mutations of this lineage cannot belong to the initial Sudanese mtDNA L3 populations. It has been long unclear: since the speakers of the polysynthetic Ainu language predominantly belong to yDNA D-M174>D-M64 and the rare Ainu outside Japan also belonged to yDNA D-M174, should it be understood that the polysynthetic features were initially characteristic of languages, spoken by bearers of yDNA D-M174 lineages, belonging to the Eurasian populations? However, it would cast shadow on populations of other Eurasian lineages. Fortunately, the above mentioned researchers from Japan have shown that they have a special component from the population of Sudan, belonging to mtDNA L3 of Sudan, and the IVPP data added other populations, speaking polysynthetic languages, in which such mutations also appeared as the mutation in an mtDNA lineage, whose comparable relative was reported from the ancient DNA of China, and researchers from Japan have recently shown that this mtDNA lineage, when observed in some mainstream non-Ainu individuals of Japan, can be characterized by such relationships that it can be shown to separate from the broadly understood mtDNA L3 of the specific location, such as Sudan, despite the fact that some mutations of this lineage could not belong to the initial Sudanese mtDNA L3 populations. Consequently, the arrival of the population, carrying the special component, related to the specific Sudanese mtDNA L3 population, which settled on the Japanese Archipelago and inadvertently contributed to ancestors of yDNA D-M64 Ainu as well, may be responsible for the appearance of polysynthetic features in pre-Yayoi-/Jomon-related languages of the Japanese Archipelago, influencing the yDNA D-M64 Ainu ancestors, since polysynthetic features were also reported from languages, the speakers of which were located on the way of such specific Sudanese mtDNA L3 population to the Japanese Archipelago, as the IVPP data pointed. The IVPP data highlighted a similar mutation, which had been mentioned before, in a Kostenki14-related mtDNA lineage, and another such a rare mtDNA L3 lineage, a mutation of which was observed in speakers of the polysynthetic languages, had reached Spain.